CHAPTER TWO
DATABASES
Performance objectives
Students should be able to:
1. Explain the concept of database
2. Start and open an existing data
3. Explain basic terms in database2.1. WHAT IS DATABASE?
Database is an electronic store where different items or materials called data/information are kept. The most important feature of databases is that the data from different tables, files, and records from the data base can be linked, queried and retrieved.
The concept of database came into existing as the result of the increasing need to manage the large amount of data generated in business, governance, research, schools etc. In essence, database is developed to enable man to manage data in business, schools, research institutions, governance etc. Below is a sample of GSSS Jalingo data base. The data base comprised of four files- General School file, Staff file, Student file and the buildings/equipment file. Each of this files contained individual records.
2.2. DATA BASE APPLICATIONS IN EVERYDAY LIFEOrganizations of all sizes use databases to store, sort, interrogate and manage their data. Below are a few examples:
2.2.1. INSTITUTIONS
In schools data bases are used for keeping bio-data of students, bio-data of staff and examination results. The databases manage and co-ordinate admissions, consultations, staffing and stock control.
2.2.2. BUSINESS
In Business data base used for used for taking total stock in the store, sales, profit. For instance you can keep record of items such as soap, beverages, oil biscuits; sells of items per day in data base.
Databases also help businesses to monitor trends in customers' purchases. This helps businesses identify market opportunities.
2.2.3. GOVERNMENT
In Government data bases can be used to keep the number of Ministries, Number of staff per ministry and the bio-data of staff of the ministries, salaries etc
2.2.4. HOSPITAL
Hospital databases maintain details of staff, such as doctors, nurses, non medical staff, patients, and treatments.
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